KENCING KOTOR..( U.T.I )

Saluran kencing merupakan sistem penapisan badan kita untuk membuang segala sisa cecair. Air kencing bergerak dari buah pinggang melalui tiub kecil yang dikenali sebagai ureter ke pundi kencing, di mana air kencing itu disimpan. Air kencing akan keluar dari badan kita melalui saluran uretra.

Jangkitan saluran kencing (UTI) merupakan keradangan saluran kencing. 80% daripada kes-kes ini adalah disebabkan oleh kuman bakteria Escherichia coli (E.Coli)

Bakteria ini boleh menyebabkan:

• Jangkitan bahagian bawah saluran kencing atau jangkitan pada pundi kencing yang dikenali sebagai sistitis.

• Jangkitan yang lebih serius ialah di bahagian atas saluran air kencing atau jangkitan pada buah pinggang yang dipanggil pielonefritis.

• Keradangan uretra atau uretritis.

Kaum wanita adalah lebih mudah mendapat UTI kerana saluran uretra mereka lebih pendek dari lelaki, menjadikan bakteria lebih mudah merebak naik ke sistem saluran kencing. UTI jarang berlaku di kalangan kaum lelaki.

Tanda dan Gejala

• Kerap terasa hendak membuang air kecil tetapi gagal untuk mengeluarkan air kencing yang banyak.

• Terasa sakit dan pedih ketika membuang air kecil.

• Air kencing mengandungi darah, berkabut atau berbau busuk.

• Terasa tidak selesa di bahagian bawah abdomen.

• Terasa sakit ketika melakukan hubungan seks.

• Demam dan seram sejuk.

Komplikasi

Jika jangkitan ini tidak dirawat di peringkat awalnya, ia boleh membawa kepada penyakit pielonefritis, apabila bakteria merebak naik ke buah pinggang.

Penyebab dan faktor-faktor penyumbang

• Penyebab UTI yang paling lazim di kalangan wanita adalah disebabkan oleh tabiat mengelap dari belakang ke depan selepas membuang air besar. Perbuatan yang demikian akan menggalakan bakteria dari dudur atau faraj memasuki uretra.

• Hubungan seks juga merupakan faktor yang boleh menyumbang kepada UTI, kerana kawasan kemaluan wanita disentuh dengan tangan atau zakar yang kotor.

• Menggunakan kontraseptif pembunuh sperma atau spemasid.

• Memasukkan tampon tanpa membasuh tangan terlebih dahulu.

Pengurusan sendiri

• Mendapatkan nasihat anggota kesihatan jika anda mensyaki dijangkiti UTI.

• Doktor perlu memeriksa kanak-kanak yang menghidap UTI.

• Jika anda terasa gejala-gejalanya berlaku, minumlah lebih banyak air supaya anda dapat menyingkir keluar bakteria dari pundi kencing melalui pembuangan air kencing yang kerap.

• Elak dari mengambil alkohol, kafein, makanan berempah yang boleh mengganggu pundi kencing.

• Ambillah ubat antibiotik seperti yang telah dinasihatkan oleh doktor. Jika gejala masih berterusan selepas 2-3 hari, berjumpa doktor semula. (anda perlu menghabiskan antibiotik yang diberikan itu).

• Larutkan 1 sudu teh baking soda ke dalam air dan minum setiap 6 jam sekali untuk menawarkan asid dalam air kencing serta mengurangkan gangguan pada pundi kencing.

Apakah yang boleh doktor lakukan untuk anda?

• Ambil sampel air kencing dan menjalankan ujian bakteria (Catatan: Jangan mengambil sebarang antibiotik sebelum berjumpa doktor. Jika anda berbuat demikian ia akan menyukarkan diagnosis).

• Mengecualikan anda dari penyakit-penyakit lain yang mempunyai gejala yang sama seperti diabetes, batu karang, penyakit kelamin dan lain-lain.

• Memberi antibiotik tertentu.

• Memeriksa sebab-sebab lain terutamanya bagi pesakit lelaki.

Pencegahan

• Meminum lebih banyak cecair; sekurang-kurangnya lebih 10 gelas, sehingga air kencing menjadi jernih.

• Kepada mereka yang mudah mendapati UTI berulangkali, makanlah secawan dadih setiap hari. Dadih mengandungi lactobacillus acidophilus yang dapat membentuk persekitaran berasid dan mencegah pembiakan bakteria yang tidak diperlukan.

• Buang air kecil jika terasa untuk berbuat demikian. Menahan air kencing dalam pundi kencing mengalakkan pembiakan bakteria.

• Wanita perlu mengamalkan kebersihan diri yang baik dengan mengelap dari depan ke belakang selepas ke tandas, untuk mengurangkan bakteria merebak dari kawasan dubur ke uretra.

• Elak dari melakukan aktiviti-aktiviti fisikal terlalu lama yang boleh memburukkan UTI, contohnya berbasikal, menunggang kuda, menunggang motosikal dan mengembara.

• Memakai pakaian dalam yang diperbuat dari kapas dan pakaian hendakalah longgar. Elakkan pakaian yang ketat dan stokin nilon kerana ia menyerap haba dan kelembapan.

• Elakkan dari mandian berbuih, sabun wangi, pencuci wanita, deodoran, tampon dan napkin.

• Buang air kecil sebelum dan selepas melakukan hubungan seks.

• Mandi dengan air pancuran bukan dari dalam kolam mandi.

• Tukar tuala wanita dan tampon dengan lebih kerap.

Maka waspada selalu..bakteria atau kuman berada dimana-mana jika ada kesan kepada kesihatan segeralah bertindak


CREDIT: Ubat Sihat

Five steps for perfect skin- (Home facials like salon)

This treatment takes about 45 minutes and, for best results, should be done atleast once or twice a month. This one is simple, inexpensive treatment, you can be assured of healthier, glowing skin within two or three months.

Step1: Cleansing

Good cleansing removes the impurities, bacteria and dead cells that accumulate on the surface of the epidermis as well as any residue from makeup, while leaving as much of the lubricating natural oil(or sebum) as possible. A cleanser should therefore be gentle and natural. Use a non-lathering cleansing. Massage in circular movements over the face and neck. Leave on for 1-2 minutes to dissolve grime and old make-up. Then gently wipe off with cotton swabs. Rinse off with warm water. Once in a while, or on a more regular basis for those with oily skin, a clay or fruit or oat-based cleansing mask used for a deeper cleansing action.

Step 2: Herbal facial steam

One traditional and very simple way to deep clean the skin is to steam your face for a few minutes. Steaming removes dirt and pollution very efficiently from the skin, but it removes important natural oils as well. So, although the technique brings excellent results on an oily skin or anyone suffering from acne, most skin types must bear in mind that in the long term it has a drying effect.
Steaming should therefore be used very occasionally on a dry or aging skin (once in a month is the maximum) and never for more than 2-3 minutes. On a oily skin, it can be done once a week, and for 5-8 minutes. For a combination skin, 2-3 minutes once a week is recommended maximum. A normal skin will benefit form an occasional steaming (every two weeks) as long as the exposure to steam is not prolonged (5 minutes maximum). It is not recommended for extremely sensitive skins.
Select an herbal facial steam that’s best for your skin type.
Bring the dry herbs (lavender, chamomile, lemon grass, rosemary, etc.) to a boil in a large pot of water. Remove from heat source; steam for 5 minutes. A facial steam is the best possible way for deep pore cleansing, and each of the herbs used in rich in nutrients that nourish and tone the skin. Immediately after your facial steam, rinse your face with cold water.

Step 3: Facials

Facials are excellent for stimulating circulation to the skin. It brings fresh blood to the skin. They promote deep pore cleansing and help heal blemishes and acne. Facials also help tone and firm the skin.
They are several kinds of facials available. You can try some homemade facial masks (clay mask, honey mask, egg mask, oats mask, fruits and vegetables mask, etc) to get a beautiful skin.
Step 4: Tonic astringents

When the facial is completely dry, rinse off with warm water. Be gentle to your skin while rinsing of the facial material. Use soft, circular motions. Massage your skin; do not scrub it. Immediately after rinsing the facial, apply an astringent preparation to tone and close the pores.

Step 5: Moisturiser

Dot the skin with moisturiser and gently massage it in smooth circular movements. Try to do this slowly as it allows you to massage the skin and relax yourself. Apply vitamin E oil or, a small amount of eye cream around the eyes and gently pat it in with your finger. The tapping action helps relieve puffy eyelids and also stimulates the acupressure points around the eyes.



CREDIT: naturalbeautycareguide

Tea Types

Tea comes from the evergreen bush Camellia S inensis. It is a single species but of more than one variety with stiff and shining pointed leaves. The tea plant is an ideal plantation crop requiring a warm, wet climate of the tropics with a considerable amount of rainfall. It can be grown from an altitude of a few feet to above 6,000 feet above mean sea level. Though the highest yield is obtained from teas grown in the lower altitudes, it is the high grown teas which have the finest quality. The cooler, drier climate at that altitude causes the plant to grow more slowly, producing a richer, m ore flavorful leaf. Tea is propagated from seeds and, through more modern methods, from clones or cuttings from specially selected bushes that show an ideal com bination of characteristics. Though the tea plant is obligingly easy to grow, it is surprisingly difficult to get good quality tea from it. The reason is that tea, like wine, depends on its characteristics from soil, garden management, rainfall, elevation, and manufacture. All the different types of tea come from the same plant. The chief difference lies in processing. The most popular type of tea is Black, which is oxidized or fermented. Oolongs are partly fermented and Greens are not fermented at all. Another variety of tea that is not as well known is White Tea.


BLACK TEA - FULLY FERMENTED

The traditional method of processing Black tea involves four basic steps: Withering, Rolling, Fermenting and Drying or Firing. The tea leaves are first withered on conveyor belts for several hours until they are limp enough to be rolled without cracking. They are then rolled on machines. The rolling of the leaves gives them their future form. The rolling of the tea leaves facilitates even fermentation. The rolled leaves are then spread out in a cool place. The leaves absorb the oxygen in the air which activates the enzymes to create essential oils. This process is called oxidation or fermentation. The leaves are then fired in large ovens with temperatures up to 194 degrees. They are then graded and packed into chests.

India produces the world’s finest black teas. Darjeeling, a tea growing region of India, produces the world’s most sought after teas. Teas from Darjeeling have over the years acquired the reputation of being the "Champagne of Teas". Assam , another tea growing region of India, is the world’s single largest tea growing region. Assam produces tea with strength. Black teas are also produced in Nuwara Eliya, Dimbulla and Uva regions of Ceylon. Black teas from China are produced in the An-Hui and Yunnan provinces. An-Hui is the home of world class Keemun teas. Keemun teas are referred to as the King of Red Teas. (Black teas are referred to as Red Teas in China). Yunnan produces teas similar to the Assams of India. Strong and robust. Black teas are also produced in the following countries: South Africa, Indonesia, Java, Argentina, Turkey, Russia, Vietnam, Nepal and several additional African countries.


OOLONG TEA - PARTLY FERMENTED

The Green tea leaves undergo a short fermentation process which places them halfway between B lack and Green tea. Oolongs are mainly produced in South China and Formosa. Oolongs are considered by the Chinese to be the most health-giving teas. The world’s finest Oolongs, however, are manufactured in Formosa. The quality of an Oolong depends upon the knowledge of the tea maker to manage the ferm entation process. The fermentation process can be m anipulated to create extraordinary teas. The higher the percentage of fermentation, the stronger the strength of the tea when brewed. Recently Oolongs have also been manufactured out of the Darjeeling and Nilgiri regions of India.


GREEN TEA - UNFERMENTED
Green tea is dried and rolled, but not fermented. The leaves are rolled or twisted in a variety of ways. The most commonly known Green tea is Gunpowder Green. Although India and Ceylon have started producing Green teas, China still remains the leader in the process of manufacturing Green teas. The most renowned Green teas from China are Pi Lo Chun, Lung Ching and Silver Dragon.


WHITE TEA

The art of manufacturing White tea has been m astered by the Chinese and hence the best White teas come from China. This tea is purely a collection of buds with white hairy downs. Very little processing is done in the manufacture of White tea. The tea leaves are slightly steamed and then mostly sun dried. The tea brews an extremely light, delicate cup with a vegetative flavor. The tea, as it sounds, looks white and is probably the most prestigious and romantic of all the different types of teas. Recently some White teas have been produced in Darjeeling and also in Ceylon. Very sm all quantities of White tea are produced and since it is also very labor intensive, they are one of the highest priced teas.


HERBAL/FRUIT TEA

Herbal and Fruit teas contain no actual tea leaves. They may be composed of many kinds of fruits, flowers and other botanicals like rooibos and peppermint.


SCENTED TEA

Scented teas are Black, Oolong or Green teas that have been dried along with flowers and/or fruits.


FLAVORED TEA

Flavored teas are usually, but not always, Black teas infused with the natural aromatic oils of spices, flowers, nuts and fruits. They m ay contain actual pieces of dried fruit, peel, blossoms and spice.

Info Resdung

Resdung adalah perkataan yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan pelbagai penyakit hidung.Salah satu punca gejala gejala resdung adalah akibat jangkitan bacteria keatas hidung dan rongga disekelilingnya.

APAKAH SINUS ? (RESDUNG)
Sinus sebenarnya adalah rongga rongga didalam tulang muka disekeliling hidung.Rongga ini bersambung ke hidung melalui aluran aluran yang sangat kecil.Biasanya lendir dihasilkan oleh rongga rongga ini setiap masa dan disalirkan kedalam hidung.Jika aliran dari sinus ini tersumbat maka lender ini akan berkumpul seterusnya
kumam bacteria akan membiak didalam rongga sinus ini.Ini menyebabkan penghasilan nanah dan juga bengkakan didalam lapisan hidung.

GEJALA SINUSITIS
• Sumbat hidung
• Lender dari hidung dan tekak
• Sakit atau rasa berat muka terutama kawasan diantara mata
• Sakit tekak yang berpanjangan dan berulang
• Demam atau rasa tidak sedap badan yang berpanjangan
• Gejala alahan hidung seperti bersin,gatal hidung dan sebagainya

KEMUDRATAN SINUSITIS (RESDUNG)
• Jangkitan nanah dikawasan sekeliling mata
• Jangkitan otak
• Sakit tekak yang kronik
• Jangkitan tulang muka
• Menerukkan keadaan lelah
• Berdengkur secara kronik
• Menyebabkan jangkitan telinga dan tonsil
• Alahan hidung
• Selsema biasa yang melarat

Buah turunkan berat badan

RAMAI sedia maklum dengan khasiat buah yang mengandungi serat tinggi, air dan nutrisi sehingga mampu membuatkan perut menjadi kenyang. Tidak hairanlah mengapa pakar pemakanan mengunjurkan amalan memakan buah sebagai pelengkap hidangan dalam diet harian.

Bagaimanapun dalam pilihan pelbagai jenis buah, ada beberapa jenis yang mempunyai kelebihan dalam membantu menurunkan berat badan iaitu grapefruit atau limau gedang, oren, epal, beri, tembikai dan anggur.

1. Limau gedang

Kajian mendapati buah limau besar berkenaan mempunyai asid sitrik yang dapat menghambat kehadiran kalori dalam makanan.

2. Oren

Berbanding buah lain, oren dipercayai mempunyai kandungan serat paling tinggi. Serat yang ada dalam buah itu juga adalah dari jenis larut di dalam air dan amalan pemakanan oren mampu mengurangkan keinginan seseorang menikmati karbohidrat.

3. Epal

Ada kajian mendapati seseorang yang mengambil sebiji epal sebelum menikmati hidangan mampu mengurangkan kadar kenaikan berat badan sebanyak 33 peratus berbanding orang yang tidak mengamalkannya.

4. Beri

Buah dari kumpulan beri adalah antara jenis buah yang kaya dengan kandungan antioksidan dan dapat meningkatkan kadar metabolisme tubuh.

5. Tembikai

Buah ini terdiri daripada 92 peratus air dan mampu memberikan signal kenyang kepada otak dalam tempoh singkat apabila reseptor di dalam perut terangsang.

6. Anggur

Kandungan antioksidan di dalam buah ini mampu mencegah gula di dalam darah menjadi lemak. Anggur juga mencegah pembentukan lemak di dalam perut.

Gerak Jari Singkap Rahsia Diri

"Memicit atau memgang hidung
Tidak mudah tertipu dan sangat berwaspada dlm apa juga tindakan yang

dilakukan.
Seorang yang pemalu dan sukar utk berkongsi rahsia besar dgn org lain kecuali org yang benar2 dipercayai.

Meletak tangan pada bahu kawan
Suka ikut kepala sendiri
Pentingkan diri sendiri
Teman yang sangat mengambil berat dan prihatin terhadap masalah yang dihadapi oleh teman2 rapat

Bermain dgn tangannya
Mempunyai tahap humor yang tinggi
Pandai berjenaka
Bersikap terbuka dan dapat menerima kritikan atau pandangan org lain tanpa ambil hati
Jenis open minded

Mematahkan jari jemarinya
Seorang yang gugup dan kurang yakin utk berbicara dgn org lain
Baik hati dan sedia membantu sesiapa saja

Menggigit kuku
Gugup dan gementar bila berbicara
Agak tertutup dalam membicrakan rahsia hati

Memintal hujung rambut
Suka berkhayal
Sukar diperdayakan
Keras kepala

Menongkat dagu
Pendengar yang setia dan rahsia akan selamat ditangannya
Suka mendengar masalah teman2
Setia dlm persahabatan

Suka letakkan tangan atas meja
Happy go lucky dan pandai menyesuaikan diri
Peramah
Suka bergantung pada orang lain

Menggosok 2 telapak tangan
Ramah dan berfikiran matang
Suka berterusterang dan tidak suka ckap berbelit2
Muudah memahami perasaan org lain dan suka membantu

Memutar cincin
sangat menepati janji
berhati2 dlm tutur kata
gemar hidup yang teratur

100 Keyboard Shortcuts, very useful!

100 keyboard shortcuts

CTRL+C (Copy)

CTRL+X (Cut)

CTRL+V (Paste)

CTRL+Z (Undo)

DELETE (Delete)

SHIFT+DELETE (Delete the selected item permanently without placing the

item

in the Recycle Bin)

CTRL while dragging an item (Copy the selected item)

CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item (Create a shortcut to the selected

item)

F2 key (Rename the selected item)

CTRL+RIGHT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next

word)

CTRL+LEFT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the

previous

word)

CTRL+DOWN ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next

paragraph)

CTRL+UP ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous

paragraph)

CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Highlight a block of text)

SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text in a document)

CTRL+A (Select all)

F3 key (Search for a file or a folder)

ALT+ENTER (View the properties for the selected item)

ALT+F4 (Close the active item, or quit the active program) ENTER

ALT+(Display the properties of the selected object) SPACEBAR (Open the

ALT+shortcut menu for the active window)

CTRL+F4 (Close the active document in programs that enable you to have

multiple documents open simultaneously)

ALT+TAB (Switch between the open items)

ALT+ESC (Cycle through items in the order that they had been opened)

F6 key (Cycle through the screen elements in a window or on the desktop) F4 key (Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer)

SHIFT+F10 (Display the shortcut menu for the selected item)

ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the System menu for the active window)

CTRL+ESC (Display the Start menu)

ALT+Underlined letter in a menu name (Display the corresponding menu)

Underlined letter in a command name on an open menu (Perform the corresponding command) F10 key (Activate the menu bar in the active program) RIGHT ARROW (Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu) LEFT ARROW (Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu) F5 key (Update the active window) BACKSPACE (View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows

Explorer)

ESC (Cancel the current task)

SHIFT when you insert a CD-ROM into the CD-ROM drive (Prevent the CD-ROM from automatically playing) Dialog Box Keyboard Shortcuts

CTRL+TAB (Move forward through the tabs)

CTRL+SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the tabs)

TAB (Move forward through the options)

SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the options)

ALT+Underlined letter (Perform the corresponding command or select the

corresponding option)

ENTER (Perform the command for the active option or button) SPACEBAR (Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check

box)

Arrow keys (Select a button if the active option is a group of option

buttons)

F1 key (Display Help)

F4 key (Display the items in the active list)

BACKSPACE (Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box) m*cro$oft Natural Keyboard Shortcuts Windows Logo (Display or hide the Start menu) Windows Logo+BREAK (Display the System Properties dialog box) Windows Logo+D (Display the desktop) Windows Logo+M (Minimize all of the windows) Windows Logo+SHIFT+M (Restore the minimized windows) Windows Logo+E (Open My Computer) Windows Logo+F (Search for a file or a folder)

CTRL+Windows Logo+F (Search for computers)

Windows Logo+F1 (Display Windows Help)

Windows Logo+ L (Lock the keyboard)

Windows Logo+R (Open the Run dialog box)

Windows Logo+U (Open Utility Manager)

Accessibility Keyboard Shortcuts

Right SHIFT for eight seconds (Switch FilterKeys either on or off) Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN (Switch High Contrast either on or off) Left ALT+left SHIFT+NUM LOCK (Switch the MouseKeys either on or off) SHIFT five times (Switch the StickyKeys either on or off) NUM LOCK for five seconds (Switch the ToggleKeys either on or off) Windows Logo +U (Open Utility Manager) Windows Explorer Keyboard Shortcuts END (Display the bottom of the active window) HOME (Display the top of the active window) NUM LOCK+Asterisk sign (*) (Display all of the subfolders that are under the selected folder) NUM LOCK+Plus sign (+) (Display the contents of the selected folder) NUM LOCK+Minus sign (-) (Collapse the selected folder) LEFT ARROW (Collapse the current selection if it is expanded, or select the parent folder) RIGHT ARROW (Display the current selection if it is collapsed, or select the first subfolder) Shortcut Keys for Character Map After you double-click a character on the grid of characters, you can move through the grid by using the keyboard shortcuts: RIGHT ARROW (Move to the right or to the beginning of the next line) LEFT ARROW (Move to the left or to the end of the previous line) UP ARROW (Move up one row) DOWN ARROW (Move down one row) PAGE UP (Move up one screen at a time) PAGE DOWN (Move down one screen at a time) HOME (Move to the beginning of the line) END (Move to the end of the line)

CTRL+HOME (Move to the first character)

CTRL+END (Move to the last character)

SPACEBAR (Switch between Enlarged and Normal mode when a character is

selected)

m*cro$oft Management Console (MMC) Main Window Keyboard Shortcuts

CTRL+O (Open a saved console)

CTRL+N (Open a new console)

CTRL+S (Save the open console)

CTRL+M (Add or remove a console item)

CTRL+W (Open a new window)

F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)

ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the MMC window menu)

ALT+F4 (Close the console)

ALT+A (Display the Action menu)

ALT+V (Display the View menu)

ALT+F (Display the File menu)

ALT+O (Display the Favorites menu)

MMC Console Window Keyboard Shortcuts

CTRL+P (Print the current page or active pane)

ALT+Minus sign (-) (Display the window menu for the active console

window)

SHIFT+F10 (Display the Action shortcut menu for the selected item)

F1 key (Open the Help topic, if any, for the selected item)

F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)

CTRL+F10 (Maximize the active console window)

CTRL+F5 (Restore the active console window)

ALT+ENTER (Display the Properties dialog box, if any, for the selected

item)

F2 key (Rename the selected item)

CTRL+F4 (Close the active console window. When a console has only one

console window, this shortcut closes the console)

Remote Desktop Connection Navigation

CTRL+ALT+END (Open the m*cro$oft Windows NT Security dialog box)

ALT+PAGE UP (Switch between programs from left to right)

ALT+PAGE DOWN (Switch between programs from right to left) INSERT (Cycle

ALT+through the programs in most recently used order) HOME (Display the

ALT+Start menu)

CTRL+ALT+BREAK (Switch the client computer between a window and a full

screen)

ALT+DELETE (Display the Windows menu)

CTRL+ALT+Minus sign (-) (Place a snapshot of the active window in the

client on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)

CTRL+ALT+Plus sign (+) (Place a snapshot of the entire client window

area

on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing ALT+PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.) m*cro$oft Internet Explorer Navigation

CTRL+B (Open the Organize Favorites dialog box)

CTRL+E (Open the Search bar)

CTRL+F (Start the Find utility)

CTRL+H (Open the History bar)

CTRL+I (Open the Favorites bar)

CTRL+L (Open the Open dialog box)

CTRL+N (Start another instance of the browser with the same Web address)

CTRL+O (Open the Open dialog box, the same as CTRL+L) P (Open the Print

CTRL+dialog box) R (Update the current Web page)

CTRL+W (Close the current window)